Visualització de dades i Open Data amb la llibreria Highcharts
La revisió el 17:16, 5 abr 2022 per Joan (discussió | contribucions) (→Utilitzar HighCharts com a mòdul)
Contingut
Introducció
Open Data API for Chart Creation with highcharts.com
Data Visualization:
Dades obertes (open data):
Ciència de dades (data science):
Exemples que utilitzarem:
Referències OpenData
Desenvolupament
Solució amb JQuery
script ex_part1.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
var year_list = [];
var arrayString = [];
var array_final = [];
$(document).ready(function(){
var url = "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/countries/NOR/indicators/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?per_page=30&MRV=30&format=json";
$.getJSON(url, function(json) {
alert(json)
$.each(json[1], function(i, data) {
//Store indicator name
country_name = data.country.value;
// Store indicator label
indicatorName = data.indicator.value;
// fill the date array
year_list.push(data.date);
// fill the string data array
arrayString.push(data.value);
});
for (var i = 0; i < arrayString.length; i++) {
if (arrayString[i] != null) {
array_final.push(parseFloat(arrayString[i]))
} else {
array_final.push(null)
};
}
console.log (year_list);
console.log (arrayString);
console.log (array_final);
var chart = new Highcharts.Chart({
chart: {
type: 'spline',
renderTo: 'container'
},
title: {
text: indicatorName
},
tooltip: {
valueDecimals: 2
},
subtitle: {
text: 'Source: World Bank Data'
},
xAxis: {
categories: year_list.reverse() //.reverse() to have the min year on the left
},
series: [{
name: country_name,
data: array_final.reverse() //
}]
});
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<script src="https://code.highcharts.com/highcharts.js"></script>
<div id="container" style="min-width: 310px; height: 400px; margin: 0 auto"></div>
</body>
</html>
I un exemple més complet, script ex_part2.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(function() {
var region_list = ["Africa", "Arab World", "Central Europe and the Baltics", "East Asia & Pacific (all income levels)", "East Asia & Pacific (developing only)", "Europe & Central Asia (all income levels)", "Europe & Central Asia (developing only)", "European Union", "Latin America & Caribbean (all income levels)", "Latin America & Caribbean (developing only)", "Least developed countries: UN classification", "Middle East & North Africa (all income levels)", "Middle East & North Africa (developing only)", "North America", "South Asia", "Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels)", "Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only)", "Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income)"];
var income_list = ["High income", "High income: OECD", "High income: nonOECD", "Low income", "Middle income", "Lower middle income", "Upper middle income", "Low & middle income", "OECD members"];
var world_list = ["World", "world", "WLD"];
//Settings
var lenght = 20;
var display = 4 * lenght;
var url = "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/countries/ZWE;SSA;LIC;WLD/indicators/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?per_page=" + display + "&MRV=" + lenght + "&format=json"
var arrayRegion = [],
arrayIncome = [],
arrayCountry = [],
arrayWorld = [],
YearList = [];
$.ajax({
url: url,
complete: function(json) {
json = JSON.parse(json.responseText);
$.each(json[1], function(i, data) {
// test if country name is in region_list
if ($.inArray(data.country.value, region_list) != -1) {
//Store Region Name
Region_name = data.country.value;
// Append values to arrayRegion
if (data.value != null) {
arrayRegion.push(parseFloat(data.value));
} else {
arrayRegion.push(null)
}
// test if country name is in income_list
} else if ($.inArray(data.country.value, income_list) != -1) {
// Store Income name
Income_name = data.country.value;
if (data.value != null) {
arrayIncome.push(parseFloat(data.value));
} else {
arrayIncome.push(null)
}
} else if ($.inArray(data.country.value, world_list) != -1) {
// fill the Year list array. NB. We choose the World serie to do so, as this serie is the most likely to be complete (i.e. the one with the less missing values)
YearList.push(data.date);
// store Indictor Label
indicatorName = data.indicator.value;
if (data.value != null) {
arrayWorld.push(parseFloat(data.value));
} else {
arrayWorld.push(null)
}
} else {
// Finally create the country data vector
Country_name = data.country.value;
if (data.value != null) {
arrayCountry.push(parseFloat(data.value));
} else {
arrayCountry.push(null)
}
}
});
var chart = new Highcharts.Chart({
chart: {
type: 'spline',
renderTo: 'container'
},
colors: ['#6e9fc5', '#ffdf51', '#a6ca6d', '#ad46d6', '#f26a2e', '#00adef', '#f4bb90'],
title: {
text: indicatorName
},
subtitle: {
text: 'Source: World Bank Data'
},
xAxis: {
categories: YearList.reverse() //.reverse() to have the min year on the left
},
plotOptions: {
series: {
marker: {
enabled: false
}
}
},
tooltip: {
valueDecimals: 2,
pointFormat: '<span style="color:{point.color}">\u25CF</span> {series.name}: <b>{point.y}%</b><br/>'
},
series: [{
name: Country_name,
data: arrayCountry.reverse()
}, {
name: Region_name,
data: arrayRegion.reverse()
}, {
name: Income_name,
data: arrayIncome.reverse()
}, {
name: 'World',
data: arrayWorld.reverse()
}]
});
},
error: function() {
console.log('there was an error!');
}
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<script src="https://code.highcharts.com/highcharts.js"></script>
<div id="container" style="min-width: 310px; height: 400px; margin: 0 auto"></div>
</body>
</html>
Sense JQuery, Native XMLHttpRequest Object
Des de juny de 2019 s'ha d'utilitzar només la v2 de l'API.
$ curl -si https://api.worldbank.org/v2/countries/NOR/indicators/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?per_page=30&MRV=30&format=json $ HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 10 Sep 2018 12:49:09 GMT Content-Type: text/xml; charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 10523 Connection: keep-alive Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * <<========================= IMPORTANT ========= Access-Control-Allow-Methods: GET Access-Control-Allow-Headers: X-Requested-With X-Powered-By: ASP.NET ...
La v2 té implementat el Access-Control-Allow-Origin, com es comenta a https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/world-bank-api/Gjvqt6pzSOs no hi ha cap problema amb al Access-Control-Allow-Origin
script ex_part1_native_ajax.html:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<title>Simple use of Cross-Site XMLHttpRequest (Using Access Control)</title>
<script>
var invocation = new XMLHttpRequest();
//important! s'ha de fer servir la versió 2 de la API, que permet fer el Access-Control-Allow-Origin
var url = 'http://api.worldbank.org/v2/countries/NOR/indicators/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?per_page=30&MRV=30&format=json';
var year_list = [];
var arrayString = [];
var array_final = [];
var country_name;
var indicatorName;
var invocationHistoryText;
function callOtherDomain(){
if(invocation)
{
invocation.open('GET', url, true);
invocation.onreadystatechange = handler;
invocation.send();
}
else
{
invocationHistoryText = "No Invocation TookPlace At All";
var textNode = document.createTextNode(invocationHistoryText);
var textDiv = document.getElementById("textDiv");
textDiv.appendChild(textNode);
}
}
function handler(evtXHR)
{
if (invocation.readyState == 4)
{
if (invocation.status == 200)
{
resposta = invocation.responseText;
//console.log(resposta);
arr = JSON.parse(resposta)
//arr[0] és una capçalera
//console.log(arr[1]) //aquestes són les dades de Noruega
//finalment ja tenim les dades que interessen
dades = arr[1];
//console.log(dades[0].country.value);
country_name = dades[0].country.value
indicatorName = dades[0].indicator.value;
for (var i=0; i<dades.length;i++) {
//console.log(dades[i].date);
//console.log(dades[i].value);
year_list.push(dades[i].date);
arrayString.push(dades[i].value);
}
for (var i = 0; i < arrayString.length; i++) {
if (arrayString[i] != null) {
array_final.push(parseFloat(arrayString[i]))
} else {
array_final.push(null)
};
}
console.log (year_list);
console.log (array_final);
var chart = new Highcharts.Chart({
chart: {
type: 'spline',
renderTo: 'container'
},
title: {
text: indicatorName
},
tooltip: {
valueDecimals: 2
},
subtitle: {
text: 'Source: World Bank Data'
},
xAxis: {
categories: year_list.reverse() //.reverse() to have the min year on the left
},
series: [{
name: country_name,
data: array_final.reverse()
}]
});
}
else
alert("Invocation Errors Occured");
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body onload="callOtherDomain()">
<script src="https://code.highcharts.com/highcharts.js"></script>
<div id="container" style="min-width: 310px; height: 400px; margin: 0 auto"></div>
</body>
</html>
Utilitzar HighCharts com a mòdul
$ npm init es crea el fitxer package.json $ npm install --save highcharts $ npm install --save-dev parcel-bundler
I editem el fitxer package.json igual que vam fer amb els mapes de openstreetmaps. El fitxer package.json queda de la forma:
{
"name": "open_data",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
"start": "parcel index.html",
"build": "parcel build --public-url . index.html"
},
"author": "",
"license": "ISC",
"dependencies": {
"highcharts": "^10.0.0"
},
"devDependencies": {
"parcel-bundler": "^1.12.5"
}
}
Exemple bàsic de gràfica simple: les pomes, plàtans i taronges que mengen la Jane i el John:
script index.js:
import Highcharts from 'highcharts';
// Alternatively, this is how to load Highstock. Highmaps and Highcharts Gantt are similar.
// import Highcharts from 'highcharts/highstock';
// Load the exporting module.
import Exporting from 'highcharts/modules/exporting';
// Initialize exporting module. (CommonJS only)
Exporting(Highcharts);
// Generate the chart
Highcharts.chart('container', {
// options - see https://api.highcharts.com/highcharts
//exemple bàsic: https://www.highcharts.com/docs/getting-started/your-first-chart
chart: {
type: 'bar'
},
title: {
text: 'Fruit Consumption'
},
xAxis: {
categories: ['Apples', 'Bananas', 'Oranges']
},
yAxis: {
title: {
text: 'Fruit eaten'
}
},
series: [{
name: 'Jane',
data: [1, 0, 4]
}, {
name: 'John',
data: [5, 7, 3]
}]
});
I el script index.html només conté el contenidor de la gràfica i la crida al script index.js:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Highcharts com a mòdul</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container" style="min-width: 310px; height: 400px; margin: 0 auto"></div>
<script src="./index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
Tasques a realitzar
(TBD)
Entrega
(TBD)
creat per Joan Quintana Compte, setembre 2018, abril 2020
